1920's

=__Introduction:__=


 * Were the 1920s really the roaring 20s? America became a country based on a die hard religion which closed America off from developing a more potent nation. Controversial issues were tested between the separation of church and state. America adopted the slogan "bigger is better". America craved more, and more things were expected from this city upon a hill. King Tut's tomb was found and the life saving penicillin was discovered. Infamous dictators who later wanted to cause pernicious harm to the world came to power in the time of desperation and fear. This was the decade of the four presidents. We went over much change including women coming to power. Also, America was turning to the fashion mecca, France, for fashion sense. French inspired clothing came to America, and hit the ground running. Provocative clothing became more acceptable. "That frock's so short you can see your garters" became the hot new joke. Silent films, baseball and the questionable music genre called Jazz also came to the 1920s' stage of change.**

=**__Timeline__**= January 1920- The League of Nations holds its first meeting and accomplishes the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles 1920- The American American Football League is formed with eleven teams November 1920- The first election women had the right to vote
 * 1920:**

May 19th, 1921- Congress established the Emergency Quota Act, curbing legal immigration July 2nd, 1921- Houses make a resolution for declaring peace in World War I. President Harding signs it, and the treaties get executed one month later September 7th-8th, 1921- The first Miss America project is held in Atlantic City, New Jersey
 * 1921:**

February 5th, 1922- Readers' Digest is founded and the first issue is published by Dewitt and Lila Wallace February 6th, 1922 - The Armaments Congress ends. It would lead to an agreement, the Five Power Disarmament Treaty, between the major world powers of the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan, and the United States, to limit naval construction, outlaw poison gas, restrict submarine attacks on merchant fleets and respect China's sovereignty April 7th, 1922 - The Teapot Dome scandal begins when the U.S. Secretary of the Interior leases the Teapot Oil Reserves in Wyoming
 * 1922:**

January 23rd, 1923 - The 12th century Aztec Indian ruins in New Mexico are proclaimed as a National Monument by President Warren G. Harding. March 2nd, 1923- Time Magazine is published for the first time August 2nd, 1923- President Warren G. Harding dies, and his vice president, Calvin Coolidge succeeds him
 * 1923:**

January 25th, 1924- The first winter olympics is held in the French Alps. Sixteen countries participated, and the United States won four medals. February 14th, 1924- The IBM company is founded June 15th, 1924- Native Americans born on American soil living on Indian reservations become citizens according to the Indian Citizenship Act
 * 1924:**

January 5th, 1925 - Nellie Tayloe Ross is inaugurated as the first woman governor of the United States in Wyoming. July 10th, 1924 - The Scopes Trial or "Monkey Trial" begins November 28, 1925 - The Grand Ole Opry transmits its first radio broadcast
 * 1925:**

May 9th, 1926 - The first flight to the North Pole and back occurs when pilot Floyd Bennett, with Richard Evelyn Byrd as his navigator, guided a three-engine monoplane. They were awarded the Medal of Honor for their achievement November 15th, 1926 - The NBC Radio Network is formed by Westinghouse, General Electric, and RCA, opening with twenty-four stations 1926- Air Commerce Act is passed, providing aid and assistance to the airline industry, plus federal oversight under the Department of Commerce for civil air safety
 * 1926:**

April 22nd to May 5th, 1927 - The Great Mississippi Flood occurs, affecting over 700,000 October 6th, 1927 - The advent of talking pictures emerges. Al Jolson in the Jazz Singer debuts in New York City 1927- Television begins to emerge when American inventor Philo Taylor Farnsworth invented a complete electronic television system, its first success in 1927
 * 1927:**

May 15th, 1928 - The first appearance of Mickey and Minnie Mouse on film occurs with the release of the animated short film, "Plane Crazy" June 17th, 1928 - Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly over the Atlantic Ocean December 21, 1928 - The United States Congress approves the construction of Boulder, later named Hoover Dam
 * 1928:**

January 15th, 1929 - Future Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King is born in his grandfather's house in Atlanta, Georgia February 14th, 1929 - In Chicago, Illinois, gangsters working for Al Capone kill seven rivals in the act known as the St. Valentine's Day Massacre October 11th, 1929 - JC Penney opens its Store #1252 in Milford, Delaware, the last state in the Union to have one of their stores. The growth of the nationwide chain indicated the prosperity of the decade only two weeks before the stock market crash of 1929 would ensue
 * 1929:**

"America's Best History - U.S. History Timeline 1920 to 1929." //America's Best History - Home//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2012. [].
 * Bibliography:**



Activity: [|Jeopardy]

**Owen - World Events ** **Major Events **
 * League of Nations established in 1920.

LEAGUE OF NATIONS ESTABLISHED The League of Nations was established in January 1920 as part of the peace settlement in 1919 after the Great War. It will ensure no large conflict will ever occur on that terrible scale again. Sir Eric Drummond is currently serving as secretary-general. Currently, its largest powers are Britain, France, and Italy. So far it has prevented war between Sweden and Finland over the Aaland Islands.


 * Tutankhamun’s tomb discovered in 1922.
 * Penicillin discovered 1928.

FLEMING DISCOVERS NEW MEDICINE!!! A new antibiotic named Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, a bacteriologist at St. Mary’s Hospital. He noticed set of petri dishes with colonies of Staphylococcus bacteria that were dying because of the spores of the mold Penicillium notatum. This is important, because antibiotics can be used to treat infections by killing the bacteria and not its surroundings. Penicillin may even prevent the growth of new bacteria in its surroundings.
 * Finnish runner Paavo Nurmi debuts 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp

NURMI DEBUTS AT 1920 OLYMPICS Finnish runner Paavo Nurmi has recently debuted at the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp, Belgium. These are the first Olympic games since the beginning of the Great War. The losing nations of the war were banned from participating, so turnout was poor. Although Nurmi was narrowly beat in the 5000m race by French Joseph Guillermot, a veteran of the war, he beat him in the 3,000m, and won one other gold medal later in the Games. In all, Finland tied with the U.S.A. in track and field with eight gold medals each.
 * Government of Ireland Act

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">World Leaders
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Stalin becomes dictator of Russia 1924.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prince Hirohito becomes emperor of Japan 1926.


 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Arthur Meighen is Prime Minister of Canada twice.

= SOURCES = <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**League of Nations** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bailey, Melanie A. "League of Nations." In Ackermann, Marsha E., Michael Schroeder, Janice J. Terry, Jiu-Hwa Lo

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Upshur, and Mark F. Whitters, eds. Encyclopedia of World History: Crisis and Achievement, 1900 to 1950, vol. 5. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. [|__http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?__]

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ItemID=WE53&iPin=WHV157&SingleRecord=True (accessed May 10, 2012).

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Goda, Norman J. W. "League of Nations." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 11 May 2012.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"League of Nations." Europe Since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction. Ed. John Merriman and Jay Winter. Vol. 3. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006. 1628-1631. Gale World History In Context. Web. 14 May 2012. [|__http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=true&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=GALE%7C00000000MXG5&documentId=GALE%7CCX3447000547&mode=view&userGroupName=dove10524&jsid=143823bd25431ea8318ecd0552ba75e1__]

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Tutankhamun** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lesko, Leonard H. "Tutankhamun." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 11 May 2012.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Penicillin**

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Volti, Rudi. "penicillin." In Volti, Rudi. The Facts On File Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Society, Volume 3. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 1999. Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ItemID=WE53&iPin=ffests0621&SingleRecord=True (accessed May 10, 2012).

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tompson, Richard S. "Fleming, Sir Alexander." Great Britain: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2003. Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ItemID=WE53&iPin=GB0483&SingleRecord=True (accessed May 10, 2012).

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gantz, Nelson M. "Penicillin." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 11 May 2012.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Paavo Nurmi** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Grossman, Mark. "Olympic Games, 1919–1939." Encyclopedia of the Interwar Years: From 1919 to 1939. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2000. Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ItemID=WE53&iPin=interwar00578&SingleRecord=True (accessed May 11, 2012).

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Takaha, Michael. "Nurmi, Paavo." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 11 May 2012.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Government of Ireland Act <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Government of Ireland Act." Encyclopedia of Irish History and Culture. Ed. James S. Donnelly, Jr. Vol. 2. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. 939-942. Gale World History In Context. Web. 14 May 2012. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/PrimarySourcesDetailsPage/PrimarySourcesDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=PrimarySources&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=WHIC&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3434700545&mode=view&userGroupName=dove10524&jsid=1134a8283a054740bfee7e5615f8824c

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Joseph Stalin <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kort, Michael. "Soviet Russia: utopian dreams and dystopian realities." A Brief History of Russia, Brief History. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Modern World History Online, Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ItemID=WE53&iPin=BHRU08&SingleRecord=True (accessed May 10, 2012).

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prince Hirohito <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Benne, Melissa. "Taisho." In Ackermann, Marsha E., Michael Schroeder, Janice J. Terry, Jiu-Hwa Lo Upshur, and Mark F. Whitters, eds. Encyclopedia of World History: Crisis and Achievement, 1900 to 1950, vol. 5. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ItemID=WE53&iPin=WHV283&SingleRecord=True (accessed May 10, 2012).

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Axelrod, Alan. "Hirohito." Encyclopedia of World War II, Volume I. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ItemID=WE53&iPin=WWII0289&SingleRecord=True (accessed May 10, 2012).

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Arthur Meighen** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Granatstein, J. L. "Meighen, Arthur." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 11 May 2012.

=Foreign Policy, editor: Drew=

Paragraph <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> **Are the Communists going to take over?**-The Red Scare happened when the communists took power in Russia in 1917. A lot of Americans got scared of the idea of communism. They were afraid that communists would take over America. They called it the Red Scare because the communists were the Reds. It really started in 1919 when the postal service found bombs in the mail. Those bombs were being sent to famous Americans. People thought Communists sent the bombs to them. In June of 1919 a bomb actually exploded outside of General A. Mitchell Palmer’s house. He told the police and wanted them to break up Communist groups. Police raided thousands of suspected Communists who were really just anarchists and criminals. None of them were ever Communists. They were known as the Palmer raids. This made people afraid that Communists really were taking over. Eventually, people realized that Palmer was arresting people without cause and the scare ended very quickly.

Paragraph During the 1920s there were many fears. Communists were one of them but the big one was war. WWI devastated many countries and killed many people. All of the countries were so afraid that this would happen again that they did their own thing. War was a huge fear and it is still a fear today. None of the countries wanted to be devastated again. If there was another war so soon, many countries couldn't rebuild because they were still rebuilding.
 * Avoiding war is a must **

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Young men visited foreign countries to explore the world and see what other countries were like. This was good because they could bring traditions and new things to the U.S. This way they could learn new ways to live.
 * Men start to visit foreign countries **

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Expatriates are coming to America!** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Expatriates are people who leave their home country to live somewhere else. In the 1920's people from different countries came to live in America. This was another good way to learn new things and to make the U.S. be diverse and have people doing different things.

**Countries are afraid of each other** Even though there were expatriates and people visiting foreign countries, the countries didn't really want to acknowledge each other for many reasons. They were afraid another war might happen. In America, people were afraid of communists for awhile. They thought that communists would take over the world. Because of that, countries really didn't do anything big or important with each other in the 1920's.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15 countries signed The Kellogg Briand Pact as an international policy to avoid war.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">War has been avoided for now! **

paragraph <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> **Woodrow Wilson: a very accomplished man**-Woodrow Wilson graduated from Princeton University in New Jersey. He became a professor of political science and in 1902 he became the President of Princeton. He was persuaded to run for the governor of New Jersey in 1910. He was nominated for President in 1912 to run for the democratic party. In 1913 he became President. Famous things he did as President are that he lowered the tariffs and passed a law that prohibited child labor. He was very respected and a good president. In 1921 he died.

paragraph <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Warren G. Harding (1921-1923) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> **A presidential Scandal?** -Warren G. Harding first became known when he delivered the nominating address for president Taft in 1912. He was elected to senate in 1914 and was very happy there. In 1921 Harding became President. In 1923 post-war depression made a new time of prosperity. He was famous for his statement saying, “Less government in business and more business in government." This meant that the government would do more helpful things. Word got around that Harding and his administration were using their positions for their own enrichment instead of working and doing what they should. He was not very well liked after this. He died of a heart attack in August of 1923.

paragraph <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> **Restoring the respect for presidency**-Coolidge became President on August 3, 1923 after Harding died. He was President in a very hard time because of the recent scandal. He had to restore the respect for Presidency. Coolidge was determined to preserve old economic precepts. In December 1923 he called for isolation in foreign policy, and for tax cuts, economy, and limited aid to farmers. Coolidge became very popular in 1924 for his policies. Coolidge was a very quiet and negative President. He was known like this because he rarely talked much during interviews. Even though, he was quiet he was still a very nice person. In 1928 he decided not to run for President again. Coolidge is famous for restoring respect to Presidency.

paragraph <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Herbert Hoover (1929-1933) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**He helped the stock market**-In 1929 Herbert Hoover became President. While he was President the stock market crashed. To help everybody and make everybody feel better he said that he would cut taxes and expand public work spending. In the 1920’s Hoover only started to restore the stock market. This is all the really big things that Hoover did in the 1920’s because he started in 1929. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Primary Source **

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">Excerpt by A. Mitchell Palmer from Forum, LXIII, February, 1920

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;"> THE CASE AGAINST THE "REDS"

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">In this brief review of the work which the Department of Justice has undertaken, to tear out the radical seeds that have entangled American ideas in their poisonous theories, I desire not merely to explain what the real menace of communism is, but also to tell how we have been compelled to clean up the country almost unaided by any virile legislation. Though I have not been embarrassed by political opposition, I have been materially delayed because the present sweeping processes of arrests and deportation of seditious aliens should have been vigorously pushed by Congress last spring. The failure of this is a matter of record in the Congressional files.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">The anxiety t of that period in our responsibility when Congress, ignoring the seriousness of these vast organizations that were plotting to overthrow the Government, failed to act, has passed. The time came when it was obviously hopeless to expect the hearty co-operation of Congress, in the only way to stamp out these seditious societies in their open defiance of law by various forms of propaganda.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">Like a prairie-fire, the blaze of revolution was sweeping over every American institution of law and order a year ago. It was eating its way into the homes of the American workman, its sharp tongues of revolutionary heat were licking the altars of the churches, leaping into the belfry of the school bell, crawling into the sacred corners of American homes, seeking to replace marriage vows with libertine laws, burning up the foundations of society.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">Robbery, not war, is the ideal of communism. This has been demonstrated in Russia, Germany, and in America. As a foe, the anarchist is fearless of his own life, for his creed is a fanaticism that admits no respect of any other creed. Obviously it is the creed of any criminal mind, which reasons always from motives impossible to clean thought. Crime is the degenerate factor in society.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">Upon these two basic certainties, first that the "Reds" were criminal aliens, and secondly that the American government must prevent crime, it was decided that there could be no nice distinctions drawn between the theoretical ideals of the radicals and their actual violations of our national laws. An assassin may have brilliant intellectuality, he may be able to excuse his murder or robbery with fine oratory, but any theory which excuses crime is not wanted in America. This is no place for the criminal to flourish, nor will he do so, so long as the rights of common citizenship can be exerted to prevent him.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Our Government in Jeopardy

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">It has always been plain to me that when American citizens unite upon any national issue, they are generally right, but it is sometimes difficult to make the issue clear to them. If the Department of Justice could succeed in attracting the attention of our optimistic citizens to the issue of internal revolution in this country, we felt sure there would be no revolution. The Government was in jeopardy. My private information of what was being done by the organization known as the Communist Party of America, with headquarters in Chicago, of what was being done by the Communist Internationale under their manifesto planned at Moscow last March by Trotzky, Lenine and others, addressed "To the Proletariats of All Countries," of what strides the Communist Labor Party was making, removed all doubt. In this conclusion we did not ignore the definite standards of personal liberty, of free speech, which is the very temperament and heart of the people. The evidence was examined with the utmost care, with a personal leaning toward freedom of thought and word on all questions.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">The whole mass of evidence, accumulated from all parts of the country, was scrupulously scanned, not merely for the written or spoken differences of viewpoint as to the Government of the United States, but, in spite of these things, to see if the hostile declarations might not be sincere in their announced motive to improve our social order. There was no hope of such a thing.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sources

"The 1920's - Roaring Twenties - The Nineteen Twenties in History." //The 1920's - Roaring Twenties - The Nineteen Twenties in History//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2012. <http://www.1920-30.com>.

Deverell, William Francis, and Deborah G. White. "Chapter 24: The Roaring Twenties." In Holt United States history. California teacher's ed. Orlando, Fla.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2006.

"The Presidents | The White House."//The White House//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2012. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/>

Palmer, A. Mitchell. "Excerpt from The Case Against the Reds." // World War I and the Jazz Age //. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. // Gale U.S. History In Context //. Web. 21 May 2012.

=Home Front (American Domestic Policy: political trends, economic trends, extension of rights, Supreme Court cases), editor: Joslyn=

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 230%; text-align: center;">Sacco and Vanzetti Condemned to Death. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> They were Italian anarchists who had to fight for their freedom or right of open speech and the right to petition the government. They were foreigners, but these policies were basic human rights. They were arrested without sufficient evidence, and some of the ballistics evidence was tampered with. Judge Webster Thayer rejected all five appeals. The last appeal based on Thayer’s bias. Sacco and Vanzetti lived in the time period of the Red Scare, and that was when Americans were afraid of immigrants and people with opposing views of the government. They were discharged from their lives on August 22rd, 1927 in the form of the electric chair. Vanzetti believed that he was a victim of class warfare. All Sacco and Vanzetti wanted to do was to build a better life for themselves and the future generations of their family, but we stripped that American dream away from them because of fear.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">



<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 230%; text-align: center;">Pierce Killed by the Sisters. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pierce vs the Society of Sisters (1925) is about how the Society of Sisters won by a landslide (a unanimous vote) because the state of Oregon’s new law, the Compulsory Act made it so that any student between the ages of 6 to 16 had to get their edification from a public school. This law was made in order to get rid of religion- based schools and schools that could teach things like evolution. Pierce was the governor, and the sisters separately sued him because he had taken away the right of parents to send their children to private school. Nonsectarian private schools were concerned about the lost of revenue. Parents began to withdraw their children from private school in the thinking that the schools would not be open for very longer. This took away business.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 230%; text-align: center;">It’s no Longer Just a Man’s World. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In 1916 Jeannette Rankin was elected to the House of Representatives. Four years later, women won the right to vote nationally.The 19th amendment was ratified in 1920. Alice Robertson of Oklahoma became the first woman to preside over the House of Representatives. Mary Norton was the first woman elected from the east coast. They created a path to the supporting of womens’ suffrage. The suffrage movement provided training for the early women pioneers in Congress. The elected women in the House of Representatives faced the prejudice of not being able to bring congressional attention to issues that were important to them. They may still been unequal within congress, but these women took the first huge step towards equality for women.



= = <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 230%; text-align: center;">Julius Kahn our Great Congressman is Dead.
 * Helped draft and secure the National Defense Act of 1920
 * The Immigration Exclusion Act of 1920 was originally called the "Kahn Exclusion Act"

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; text-align: center;">Democrats take Louisiana by Windstorm, no Opposition with Witmell P. Martin in House.

= = = = <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 150%; text-align: center;">Frederick Huntington Gillett wins a seat in the House of Representatives by a Landslide of 99.9%. = = = = <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 150%; text-align: center;">The Scopes Trial Conviction gets Overturned by a Technicality, not Constitutionalism.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">He was the first elected leader started out as being a Progressive in 1914, but he later converted to democrat.
 * Last person to be elected in the House of Representatives from Louisiana that identified themselves with a minority party since 1972

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__<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Bibliography** __
 * "Pierce v. Society of Sisters." //LII | LII / Legal Information Institute//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2012. <[]l>.
 * "Pierce v. Society of Sisters | The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law." //The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law | A Multimedia Archive of the Supreme Court of the United States//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2012. <[]>.
 * "Pierce v. Society of Sisters - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia."//Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2012. <[]>.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitmell_P._Martin__]
 * "United States House of Representatives elections, 1920 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia."//Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2012. <[]>.
 * rns. "Frederick H. Gillett - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2012. <[]>.
 * "Julius Kahn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2012. <[]>.
 * "Women in Congress - I’m No Lady; I’m a Member of Congress." //Women in Congress - Home//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2012. <[]>.
 * Geary, Rick. The lives of Sacco & Vanzetti. New York: NBM/ComicsLit, 2011. Print.
 * " Sacco & Vanzetti - YouTube ."//YouTube - Broadcast Yourself.// . N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2012. <[]>.
 * "Scopes Trial." //Learn Social Studies and American History//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2012. <[]>

** Leisure **<span style="color: #e543c4; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Written by: Natalie

** Check Out the 'Must Read' Section Starting With The Great Gatsby **
 * //The Great Gatsby//
 * Published in 1925
 * Written by Francis Scott Fitzgerald
 * About the Jazz Age


 * //Winnie-the-Pooh//
 * Published in 1926
 * Written by Alan Alexander Milne
 * this edition of Winnie-the-Pooh was the first of the many books that we know today



** Silent Movies Are A Huge Hit **
 * //Sherlock, Jr.//
 * Made in 1924,
 * Silent movies

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** //The Jazz Singer// comes out with the first ever dialogue **


 * //The Jazz Singer//
 * Made in 1927
 * Had the first dialogue ever in a movie
 * "You ain't heard nothin' yet!"
 * Talkies were movies with dialogue
 * Most of America would buy a movie ticket each week



** Flappers are growing **

During the 1920’s, women had a certain way they were supposed to act that would be considered the appropriate way to act for a young lady. They were not to learn medicine, law, or others fields like that. Some women, or flappers, were usually young women trying to push the limits of what society expected of them. They would cut their hair short, wear makeup, and wear short dresses. The women would dress this way to look like their favorite actresses. Hollywood and the latest fashion helped to fuel the want and need to have the style that a flapper would have. It was mostly older Americans who were against the ideas that flappers had.
 * Ladies were supposed to act a certain way
 * Not supposed to pursue fields like medicine, law, and others
 * Flappers pushed the limits
 * Cut hair, wear makeup, wear short dresses
 * Hollywood fueled these ideas

Another fashion fad was the Egyptian Dress.



** Babe Ruth the Record Breaker **


 * Broke many home run records
 * Brought new fans to the sport

** Satchel Paige and the Negro League **

During the 1920’s, a lot of attention was on Herman George (AKA Babe Ruth) and this new talent that he held for the sport baseball, but they didn’t notice the league that was forming. This league is where the African American players had their chance to shine since they were not able to play with white people due to segregation. They called this league the Negro League. There were many stars to be recognized from this team. One of them was Satchel Paige. He was one of the best baseball players in the 1920’s. He didn’t have an easy childhood, growing up in the poor, segregated South with many other siblings. Things started to lighten up when he joined the baseball team at school which is really the only reason he attended school and after school, he set out to follow his dream of going professional. In 1923, Paige joined the Mobile Tigers which was a all-African American team. He earned 1 dollar a game, but picked up side money pitching for a white team during their practice. Baseball became a lifestyle for him, playing it year round and every day. The teams were intergraded, he was earning as much as a white person, and he was living the dream by the time he died at the age of 76.
 * Baseball was still segregated
 * New league is called the Negro League
 * Satchel Paige was a recognized star
 * Hard childhood (poor, segregated South, many siblings)
 * Joined his school baseball team
 * Played with the Mobile Tigers
 * Teams intergraded
 * Died at 76 after accomplishing his dream



** Jazz Music Comes Alive **


 * Jazz became more popular
 * Disgraceful to some and fun to others
 * Easy to dance to
 * Louis Armstrong
 * Many different styles and ways to play

** The Model T Makes Appearances All Over America **

The Model T helped the economy, employed many people, and it was helpful for everyday life. Before the Model T, cars were something that you would see a rich person driving; they weren’t cheap. The goal was to make this an affordable car. When the Model T was first invented (1908) they sold for $850, but about 17 years later (1925) the car sold for just $290. By 1924, they had produced over 3 million Model T’s. They were so cheap because they all looked exactly the same. Unlike the cars of our time, you couldn’t specialize the car (meaning you couldn’t have the sports or luxury package). In fact, the car came in one color for years, black. Another great thing about this car is that the company would employ anyone who wanted a job to help in the making of the Model T. That included African Americans, women, and disabled people. Making the Model T helped with American economy because they employed all people, spent millions of dollars on making new roads, road safety, roadside restaurants, gas stations, and car repair shops.
 * Cars were usually for the wealthy
 * Make this an affordable car
 * 1908 - Sold for $850
 * 1924 - Sold for $290
 * By 1924, more than 3 million Model T's produced
 * All exactly the same right down to the color
 * Employed everyone (African Americans, women, disabled)
 * Helped the economy
 * New roads, road safety, roadside restaurants, gas stations, car repair shops, ect.



**BIBLIOGRAPHY**

Used for: the books section
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Goodreads Inc.. "Best Books of the Decade: 1920's (193 books)." Share Book Recommendations With Your Friends, Join Book Clubs, Answer Trivia. h ttp://www.goodreads.com/list/show/39.Best_Books_of_the_Decade_1920_s (accessed May 14, 2012).

Used for: the movies section and the movie clip
 * Jamie Frater. "Top 15 Greatest Silent Films." Top 10 Lists - Listverse. http://listverse.com/2010/01/27/top-15-greatest-silent-films/ (accessed May 14, 2012).

Used for: Flappers, Babe Ruth, Satchel Paige, Jazz Age, The Model T
 * Deverell, William Francis, and Deborah G. White. "Chapter 24: The Roaring Twenties." In Holt United States history. California teacher's ed. Orlando, Fla.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2006. 752 - 769.

Used for: Satchel Paige and the Negro League
 * "Paige, Satchel (1906-1982)." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998.Gale World History In Context. Web. 13 May 2012.

Used for: Egyptian Dress
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Herald, Jacqueline. "(No Name)." In The 1920s. London: Batsford, 1991. 27.