1970's

__ The 1970s __ By: Lizbee, Cat, and Summer









Pictures: By Cat

Peace, love, and rock and roll

= Introduction to Decade, editor: Lizbee =

A few significant events took place in the 1970’s. The Watergate scandal led to Nixon’s resignation, which was the first time a president had resigned in U.S. history up to that point. Ford was inaugurated after Nixon’s resignation. Middle Eastern countries America was importing about one-third of its oil form made an embargo on oil sales to the U.S. after the U.S. helped Israel. Many doors opened for women in the 1970’s due to laws passed that banned discrimination on the basis of gender in educational programs that receive federal funds. The environment was brought to the public’s attention and became a major issue. Jimmy Carter won the 1976 presidential election against Ford. One of Carter’s best moves as president was the Camp David Accords, in which he brought Israel and Egypt to a peace agreement. The Iran Hostage Crisis, when Americans were held hostage in Iran, hurt American confidence in Carter’s leadership. The events that took place in the 1970’s helped America get to where it is today.

= Timeline to Decade, editor: Summer =

1970-
 * The FDA (Food and Drugs Administration) approved Lithium to treat manic-depressive.
 * Earthquake in Peru Killed 72,200 people.
 * American soldiers blamed for murdering entire town of Vietnamese civilians.

1971-
 * Bangladesh was created from East Pakistan and the country United Arab Emirates was created.
 * China joined the United Nations.
 * The US and South Vietnam invaded Laos.

1972- 1973-  1974-
 * On Day 11 of the 1972 Munich Games the Palestinians attacked the Israelis.
 * On June 17, 1972 five men were arrested for breaking into the DNC headquarters at the Watergate complex, this started the Watergate scandal affair.
 * Nixon won the 1972 election by a landslide.
 * Egypt and Syria made a surprise invasion on Israel on October 6, 1973.
 * In March of 1973 the U.S. completely withdrew its troops from Vietnam after they've made a peace treaty with North Vietnam.
 * In July of 1973 evidence was revealed that President Nixon had recorded conversations to cover up the break-in. The U.S. Supreme Court made Nixon hand in the tapes.
 * India conducts its first nuclear test.
 * Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie dethroned after a famine, which killed over 200,000 people and had seen no help from the government.
 * Nixon resigned presidency on August 9, 1974, he was then pardoned by his successor, Gerald Ford.

1975-
 * Lyme disease was first discovered.
 * Lebanon civil war began which was sparked by Christians who killed a busload of Palestinians and other Muslims.
 * Attempt to assassinate serving US president Gerald Ford.

1976-
 * Israeli commandos storm hijacked Air France plane in Uganda's Entebbe Airport and released 103 hostages held by a pro-Palestinian terrorist group.
 * Mao Tse-tung the communist leader of China died in 1976 after over 25 years of rule.
 * Tangshan Earthquake Kills Over 240,000 people.

1977-
 * Egyptian president Anwar al-Sadat was the first Arab leader to visit Israel and acknowledge Israel's right to exist.
 * The Nuclear-Proliferation Pact was signed by 15 countries, including the United States and the USSR, which was to "curb" the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
 * In the worst air disaster in history. Two 747's collide at airport in Tenerife, Canary Islands killing nearly 600 people.

1978-
 * The Camp David Accords were signed by Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat.
 * In Jonestown, on November 18, 1978 Jim Jones killed over 900 people in a mass suicide, later killing himself.
 * On July 26, 1978 the first test tube baby, Louise Brown, was born.

1979- = = Bibliography:
 * In March of 1979, The Camp David Accords was signed to minimize the problems between Israel, Egypt, and Syria.
 * The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan.
 * Iranian students stormed the US embassy and held 52 of the 66 people in the embassy hostage for 444 days.
 * []
 * and the rest of the wiki

= Global Events, editor: Summer =

** Nixon shakes hands with Mao Zedong **



** Nixon and Leonid Breznev have SALT **



** Jimmy Carter helps Menachem Begin (Israel) and Anwar el-Sadat (Egypt) come to a peace agreement **



** Palestinians attack Israelis at Munich Games **  The eleventh day of the 1972 Munich Games, right before dawn, was a terrifying one. The Israeli dorm, in the Olympic Village, was attacked by a group of masked Palestinians. These Palestinians killed two people and held seven hostage. Talks between the two parties were useless and Israel refused to free their 200 Palestinian prisoners. That night the Palestinians were supposed to be taking a flight back to Cairo. Instead there was a shootout which consisted of all of the Israelis and five Palestinians dying. Although all of this happened the Games still went on.

** Surprise invasion by Egypt and Syria on Israel, OPEC cuts oil shipments ** On October 6, 1973 Egypt and Syria attack Israel in a surprise attack. This attack took place on the Syrian border on Yom Kippur. Yom Kippur is the highest Jewish holy day, so the attack was definitely not expected by Israel. This war lasted seventeen days. After those seventeen days Israel won in the war that was called the Yom Kippur War. OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. It consisted of mostly Middle Eastern countries including Egypt and Syria. OPEC quickly cut oil shipments to Israel and its allies, including America, creating the Oil Crisis.

** Jim Jones kills himself and his members of People’s Temple ** After the members of Jim Jones' People's Temple had been following him to Equatorial Guyana for a year he betrayed them. Jones was forty-seven at the time. He left the Bay Area because his tactics were being questioned by the congressional investigators on November 18, 1978. He got nervous when they came and he had some of them shot. Probably out of pressure, he told his group to drink poisoned Fla-Vor-Aid. Over 900 people died from this mass suicide, a third of them were children. Then he put a gun to his own head.

** Iran attacks US embassy, captures 90 American hostages **

Primary Source: [|BBC ON THIS DAY | 18 | 1978: Mass suicide leaves 900 dead] (the video on the page) Bibliography:
 * McDougal, Holt. "Chapter 30- Searching For Order." United States History. Orlando, Florida: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2012. 922-940. Print.
 * Stolley, Richard B., and Tony Chiu. Life: our century in pictures. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1999. Print.

= American Foreign Policy, editor: Cat =

The U.S. completely withdraws from Vietnam in March of 1973. American Troops had landed in 1965 in Vietnam to aid South Vietnam from North Vietnam. The U.S.’s presents in Korea was very controversial to many Americans. Some people thought that is was great thing that the U.S. was in Vietnam, halting the spread of Communism, but many thought that America had to right to get involved in a foreign civil war. When Nixon was elected started the plan of Vietnamization. Vietnamization was the plan to slowly withdraw troops. By the time that America had signed a peace treaty with North Vietnam, all of the American troop were back in the U.S. in 1973.
 * __ Troops Come Home From Vietnam __**



__** Iranian Hostage Crisis was about when 66 Americans were taken hostage for 444 days. **__

**__ The Camp David Accords __** ==== The Camp David Accords was signed in March of 1979. The Camp David Accords were signed due to problems between Israel, Egypt, and Syria. These countries had tension over land for many years. On Yom Kippur of 1973, Egypt and Syria attacked Israel. Israel won the War with lots of casualties because they were not prepared at all. The Egyptian leader, Anwar Sadat, went to Israel to make a kind gesture and show he did not want to fight any more. When President Carter heard of this, he invited both leaders to Camp David. At Camp David they reached a peace agreement. They signed the final peace agreement in March of 1979. ====

**__ The Panama Canal was being built by the Americans, when the people of Panama protested the building, causing the Panama Canal Treaty. __**

**__ Détente, an agreement between the Soviet Union and the U.S. to have a less hostile relationship __**

= = **__ Americans Invade Cambodia __**

= =

====The Americans invaded Cambodia when they realized how bad the situations were. In Cambodia the communist Khmer Rouge had taken over. The Khmer Rouge was a insane group of communist who believed that that everyone should not be educated and should just work in the fields. The leader of this fiasco was Pol Pot. Pol Pot and his followers managed to murder over one million people by overworking them and starving them. Due to these crazy people in Cambodia and the fear of spreading communism, America decided to invade Cambodia. The Invasion of Cambodia was heavily protested by college students. ====

Primary Sources: Camp David Accords Papers

Sources: Healey, Tim. //Picture History of the 20th Century: The 1970s//. North Mankato, Minnesota: Sea-to-Sea Publicatios, 2006. Print.

Stolley, Richard B., and Tony Chiu. Life: our century in pictures. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1999. Print.

McDougal, Holt. "Chapter 30- Searching For Order." United States History. Orlando, Florida: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2012. 922-940. Print.

Camp David Accords September 17, 1978

After twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David, the Israeli-Egyptian negotiations were concluded by the signing at the White House of two agreements. The first dealt with the future of the Sinai and peace between Israel and Egypt, to be concluded within three months. The second was a framework agreement establishing a format for the conduct of negotiations for the establishment of an autonomy regime in the West Bank and Gaza. The Israel-Egypt agreement clearly defined the future relations between the two countries, all aspects of withdrawal from the Sinai, military arrangements in the peninsula such as demilitarization and limitations, as well as the supervision mechanism. The framework agreement regarding the future of Judea, Samaria and Gaza was less clear and was later interpreted differently by Israel, Egypt, and the US. President Carter witnessed the accords which were signed by Egyptian President Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Begin.

Text: THE CAMP DAVID ACCORDS

The Framework for Peace in the Middle East Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat, President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, and Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, met with Jimmy Carter, President of the United States of America, at Camp David from September 5 to September 17, 1978, and have agreed on the following framework for peace in the Middle East. They invite other parties to the Arab-Israel conflict to adhere to it. Preamble The search for peace in the Middle East must be guided by the following: Framework Taking these factors into account, the parties are determined to reach a just, comprehensive, and durable settlement of the Middle East conflict through the conclusion of peace treaties based on Security Council resolutions 242 and 338 in all their parts. Their purpose is to achieve peace and good neighborly relations. They recognize that for peace to endure, it must involve all those who have been most deeply affected by the conflict. They therefore agree that this framework, as appropriate, is intended by them to constitute a basis for peace not only between Egypt and Israel, but also between Israel and each of its other neighbors which is prepared to negotiate peace with Israel on this basis. With that objective in mind, they have agreed to proceed as follows: A. West Bank and Gaza B. Egypt-Israel C. Associated Principles For the Government of Israel:
 * The agreed basis for a peaceful settlement of the conflict between Israel and its neighbors is United Nations Security Council Resolution [|242], in all its parts.
 * After four wars during 30 years, despite intensive human efforts, the Middle East, which is the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of three great religions, does not enjoy the blessings of peace. The people of the Middle East yearn for peace so that the vast human and natural resources of the region can be turned to the pursuits of peace and so that this area can become a model for coexistence and cooperation among nations.
 * The historic initiative of President Sadat in visiting Jerusalem and the reception accorded to him by the parliament, government and people of Israel, and the reciprocal visit of Prime Minister Begin to Ismailia, the peace proposals made by both leaders, as well as the warm reception of these missions by the peoples of both countries, have created an unprecedented opportunity for peace which must not be lost if this generation and future generations are to be spared the tragedies of war.
 * The provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and the other accepted norms of international law and legitimacy now provide accepted standards for the conduct of relations among all states.
 * To achieve a relationship of peace, in the spirit of Article 2 of the United Nations Charter, future negotiations between Israel and any neighbor prepared to negotiate peace and security with it are necessary for the purpose of carrying out all the provisions and principles of Resolutions 242 and [|338].
 * Peace requires respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every state in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force. Progress toward that goal can accelerate movement toward a new era of reconciliation in the Middle East marked by cooperation in promoting economic development, in maintaining stability and in assuring security.
 * Security is enhanced by a relationship of peace and by cooperation between nations which enjoy normal relations. In addition, under the terms of peace treaties, the parties can, on the basis of reciprocity, agree to special security arrangements such as demilitarized zones, limited armaments areas, early warning stations, the presence of international forces, liaison, agreed measures for monitoring and other arrangements that they agree are useful.
 * 1) Egypt, Israel, Jordan and the representatives of the Palestinian people should participate in negotiations on the resolution of the Palestinian problem in all its aspects. To achieve that objective, negotiations relating to the West Bank and Gaza should proceed in three stages:
 * 2) Egypt and Israel agree that, in order to ensure a peaceful and orderly transfer of authority, and taking into account the security concerns of all the parties, there should be transitional arrangements for the West Bank and Gaza for a period not exceeding five years. In order to provide full autonomy to the inhabitants, under these arrangements the Israeli military government and its civilian administration will be withdrawn as soon as a self-governing authority has been freely elected by the inhabitants of these areas to replace the existing military government. To negotiate the details of a transitional arrangement, Jordan will be invited to join the negotiations on the basis of this framework. These new arrangements should give due consideration both to the principle of self-government by the inhabitants of these territories and to the legitimate security concerns of the parties involved.
 * 3) Egypt, Israel, and Jordan will agree on the modalities for establishing elected self-governing authority in the West Bank and Gaza. The delegations of Egypt and Jordan may include Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza or other Palestinians as mutually agreed. The parties will negotiate an agreement which will define the powers and responsibilities of the self-governing authority to be exercised in the West Bank and Gaza. A withdrawal of Israeli armed forces will take place and there will be a redeployment of the remaining Israeli forces into specified security locations. The agreement will also include arrangements for assuring internal and external security and public order. A strong local police force will be established, which may include Jordanian citizens. In addition, Israeli and Jordanian forces will participate in joint patrols and in the manning of control posts to assure the security of the borders.
 * 4) When the self-governing authority (administrative council) in the West Bank and Gaza is established and inaugurated, the transitional period of five years will begin. As soon as possible, but not later than the third year after the beginning of the transitional period, negotiations will take place to determine the final status of the West Bank and Gaza and its relationship with its neighbors and to conclude a peace treaty between Israel and Jordan by the end of the transitional period. These negotiations will be conducted among Egypt, Israel, Jordan and the elected representatives of the inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza. Two separate but related committees will be convened, one committee, consisting of representatives of the four parties which will negotiate and agree on the final status of the West Bank and Gaza, and its relationship with its neighbors, and the second committee, consisting of representatives of Israel and representatives of Jordan to be joined by the elected representatives of the inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza, to negotiate the peace treaty between Israel and Jordan, taking into account the agreement reached in the final status of the West Bank and Gaza. The negotiations shall be based on all the provisions and principles of UN Security Council Resolution 242. The negotiations will resolve, among other matters, the location of the boundaries and the nature of the security arrangements. The solution from the negotiations must also recognize the legitimate right of the Palestinian peoples and their just requirements. In this way, the Palestinians will participate in the determination of their own future through:
 * 5) The negotiations among Egypt, Israel, Jordan and the representatives of the inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza to agree on the final status of the West Bank and Gaza and other outstanding issues by the end of the transitional period.
 * 6) Submitting their agreements to a vote by the elected representatives of the inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza.
 * 7) Providing for the elected representatives of the inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza to decide how they shall govern themselves consistent with the provisions of their agreement.
 * 8) Participating as stated above in the work of the committee negotiating the peace treaty between Israel and Jordan.
 * 9) All necessary measures will be taken and provisions made to assure the security of Israel and its neighbors during the transitional period and beyond. To assist in providing such security, a strong local police force will be constituted by the self-governing authority. It will be composed of inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza. The police will maintain liaison on internal security matters with the designated Israeli, Jordanian, and Egyptian officers.
 * 10) During the transitional period, representatives of Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and the self-governing authority will constitute a continuing committee to decide by agreement on the modalities of admission of persons displaced from the West Bank and Gaza in 1967, together with necessary measures to prevent disruption and disorder. Other matters of common concern may also be dealt with by this committee.
 * 11) Egypt and Israel will work with each other and with other interested parties to establish agreed procedures for a prompt, just and permanent implementation of the resolution of the refugee problem.
 * 1) Egypt-Israel undertake not to resort to the threat or the use of force to settle disputes. Any disputes shall be settled by peaceful means in accordance with the provisions of Article 33 of the U.N. Charter.
 * 2) n order to achieve peace between them, the parties agree to negotiate in good faith with a goal of concluding within three months from the signing of the Framework a peace treaty between them while inviting the other parties to the conflict to proceed simultaneously to negotiate and conclude similar peace treaties with a view the achieving a comprehensive peace in the area. The Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel will govern the peace negotiations between them. The parties will agree on the modalities and the timetable for the implementation of their obligations under the treaty.
 * 1) Egypt and Israel state that the principles and provisions described below should apply to peace treaties between Israel and each of its neighbors - Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon.
 * 2) Signatories shall establish among themselves relationships normal to states at peace with one another. To this end, they should undertake to abide by all the provisions of the U.N. Charter. Steps to be taken in this respect include:Signatories should explore possibilities for economic development in the context of final peace treaties, with the objective of contributing to the atmosphere of peace, cooperation and friendship which is their common goal.
 * 3) full recognition;
 * 4) abolishing economic boycotts;
 * 5) guaranteeing that under their jurisdiction the citizens of the other parties shall enjoy the protection of the due process of law.
 * 6) Claims commissions may be established for the mutual settlement of all financial claims.
 * 7) The United States shall be invited to participated in the talks on matters related to the modalities of the implementation of the agreements and working out the timetable for the carrying out of the obligations of the parties.
 * 8) The United Nations Security Council shall be requested to endorse the peace treaties and ensure that their provisions shall not be violated. The permanent members of the Security Council shall be requested to underwrite the peace treaties and ensure respect or the provisions. They shall be requested to conform their policies an actions with the undertaking contained in this Framework.
 * 1) The United Nations Security Council shall be requested to endorse the peace treaties and ensure that their provisions shall not be violated. The permanent members of the Security Council shall be requested to underwrite the peace treaties and ensure respect or the provisions. They shall be requested to conform their policies an actions with the undertaking contained in this Framework.

Menachem Begin For the Government of

the Arab Republic of Egypt

Muhammed Anwar al-Sadat Witnessed by

Jimmy Carter,

President of the United States of America

Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty

between Egypt and Israel

In order to achieve peace between them, Israel and Egypt agree to negotiate in good faith with a goal of concluding within three months of the signing of this framework a peace treaty between them: It is agreed that: The following matters are agreed between the parties:
 * The site of the negotiations will be under a United Nations flag at a location or locations to be mutually agreed.
 * All of the principles of U.N. Resolution 242 will apply in this resolution of the dispute between Israel and Egypt.
 * Unless otherwise mutually agreed, terms of the peace treaty will be implemented between two and three years after the peace treaty is signed.
 * 1) the full exercise of Egyptian sovereignty up to the internationally recognized border between Egypt and mandated Palestine;
 * 2) the withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from the Sinai;
 * 3) the use of airfields left by the Israelis near al-Arish, Rafah, Ras en-Naqb, and Sharm el-Sheikh for civilian purposes only, including possible commercial use only by all nations;
 * 4) the right of free passage by ships of Israel through the Gulf of Suez and the Suez Canal on the basis of the Constantinople Convention of 1888 applying to all nations; the Strait of Tiran and Gulf of Aqaba are international waterways to be open to all nations for unimpeded and nonsuspendable freedom of navigation and overflight;
 * 5) the construction of a highway between the Sinai and Jordan near Eilat with guaranteed free and peaceful passage by Egypt and Jordan; and
 * 6) the stationing of military forces listed below.

Stationing of Forces
No more than one division (mechanized or infantry) of Egyptian armed forces will be stationed within an area lying approximately 50 km. (30 miles) east of the Gulf of Suez and the Suez Canal. Only United Nations forces and civil police equipped with light weapons to perform normal police functions will be stationed within an area lying west of the international border and the Gulf of Aqaba, varying in width from 20 km. (12 miles) to 40 km. (24 miles). In the area within 3 km. (1.8 miles) east of the international border there will be Israeli limited military forces not to exceed four infantry battalions and United Nations observers. Border patrol units not to exceed three battalions will supplement the civil police in maintaining order in the area not included above. The exact demarcation of the above areas will be as decided during the peace negotiations. Early warning stations may exist to insure compliance with the terms of the agreement. United Nations forces will be stationed: After a peace treaty is signed, and after the interim withdrawal is complete, normal relations will be established between Egypt and Israel, including full recognition, including diplomatic, economic and cultural relations; termination of economic boycotts and barriers to the free movement of goods and people; and mutual protection of citizens by the due process of law.
 * 1) in part of the area in the Sinai lying within about 20 km. of the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent to the international border, and
 * 2) in the Sharm el-Sheikh area to insure freedom of passage through the Strait of Tiran; and these forces will not be removed unless such removal is approved by the Security Council of the United Nations with a unanimous vote of the five permanent members.

Interim Withdrawal
Between three months and nine months after the signing of the peace treaty, all Israeli forces will withdraw east of a line extending from a point east of El-Arish to Ras Muhammad, the exact location of this line to be determined by mutual agreement. For the Government of

the Arab Republic of Egypt:

Muhammed Anwar al-Sadat For the Government of Israel:

Menachem Begin Witnessed by:

Jimmy Carter,

President of the United States of America

= Domestic Policy editor: Lizbee = **__ Richard Nixon Elected for President __** = = = =

**__ Gerald Ford Elected for President __**



= = __** Jimmy Carter Elected for President **__

= = **__ Congress Does Not Pass Carter’s Complex Alternative Energy Plan __** When Carter was elected president, he faced many serious challenges. Americans were frustrated when they saw Carter’s inability to solve problems, such as, high unemployment, inflation, the ongoing energy crisis, and high oil prices. Although, at the time, Democrats controlled Congress, Carter had a hard time convincing members to support his national energy plan. This plan called for the conservation and the use of alternative fuels such as solar energy. Congress demanded changes to the complex plan, but the plan was never fully enacted. Carter then tried to decrease the country’s dependence on imported oil by expanding the use of nuclear power. But after an accident, in which a reactor core overheated, new worries about the safety of nuclear energy were made. The frightening incident damaged the nuclear power industry, and the federal government put in place a ban on building nuclear reactors. Carter was not very successful in solving the important issues of his term as president. **__ Nixon Impeached In United States v. Nixon Trial __**

**__ Watergate Break-in Explodes Into Massive Scandal __** The affair began with the arrest of five men for breaking and entering into the DNC headquarters at the Watergate complex on June 17, 1972. Police soon discovered ties to the Nixon administration, however, Nixon denied involvement in the Watergate break-in and went on to win the 1972 election in a landslide. But early in Nixon’s second term the seemingly minor break-in exploded into the massive political scandal that became known as Watergate. In July 1973, as evidence mounted against the president's staff, including testimony provided by former staff members in an investigation, it was revealed that President Nixon had a tape-recording system in his offices and he had recorded many conversations. Recordings revealed that he had attempted to cover up the break-in. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the president had to hand over the tapes to government investigators, so Nixon had no choice but to comply. Facing almost certain impeachment, Nixon resigned the presidency on August 9, 1974, and his successor, Gerald Ford, then pardoned him.

**__ U.S. Oil Prices Skyrocket After OPEC Makes Oil Sale Embargo __** In 1973, the United States economy suffered an energy crisis due to soaring oil prices and an oil embargo, made by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC, that banned oil sales to the U.S. OPEC worked to control the production and sale of oil to keep prices high. It was mostly Arab countries that opposed the creation of the Jewish state of Israel. So, on October 6, 1973, the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur, when Syria and Egypt attacked Israel and America sent military supplies to help Israel, many OPEC nations were angered. OPEC responded to the support for Israel with the embargo on oil sales to the U.S. This had a large effect on the U.S. economy because by the 1970s the U.S. was importing about one-third of its oil, and much of this oil was purchased from OPEC nations. The embargo therefore greatly worsened an already weak U.S. economy.

Primary Source
Nixon's statement on the Watergate scandal

Bibliography
McDougal, Holt. United Staes History. Orlando, Florida: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2010. Print.

Washington Post. "washingtonpost.com - watergate scandal." Washington Post: Breaking News, World, US, DC News & Analysis. N.p., 15 Aug. 1973. Web. 14 May 2012. .

"Watergate scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2012. .

= Leisure Time (Arts, Sports, Fashion, Music), editor: Summer =

** Diane Keaton influences comfortable “mannish” clothes for women **

** Zandra Rhodes shows off her new punk style **

** Elton John's new song "Bennie and the Jets." ** media type="youtube" key="QjUk3Bp16zs" height="315" width="420" align="center"

** Record skateboard jump of 5 ft. made by American skateboarder **



** Record 11 Olympic swimming medals held by Mark Spitz **

** First test tube baby, Louise Brown, born July 26, 1978 **

** BBC TVshow, Monty Python’s Flying Circus, crosses lines in TV comedy with strange humor **

** 1973 version of the Dr. Pepper Commercial: "I'm a Pepper" ** media type="youtube" key="jvCTaccEkMI" height="315" width="420" align="center"

Primary Source: [] Bibliography: - [] - []
 * Healey, Tim. //Picture History of the 20th Century: The 1970s//. North Mankato, Minnesota: Sea-to-Sea Publicatios, 2006. Print.
 * Youtube