1930's

1930s by Quinn, Jessica, Josh, and Ryan **The 1930s were a hard time for America. Herbert Hoover had botched his attempts to quell the protest against the economy, Hitler was rising to power, WWII was baring its ugly head, and America was in the worst financial depression ever. People went hungry, businesses closed, adults had to stand in long lines just to get food. With the world falling down around them, Americans lost hope, unaware of the extent of the war about to be fought. But, through the darkness, there was still light. Gandhi was organizing his protest, the Wizard of Oz gave the world of cinema color, and Over the Rainbow gave the Americans hope. Even though the world had gone sour, America never gave up its hope. ** Introduction by Josh. __Timeline __ 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
 * Ghandi’s Salt March, March 12
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pluto Discovered
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Stalin Begins Collectivizinng Agriculture in U.S.S.R
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Scottsboro Boys accused of rape
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Empire State Building completed
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Al Capone imprisoned for Income Tax Evasion
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Amelia Earhart becomes first woman to fly across Atlantic
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lidbergh’s baby kidnapped
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Scientists Split the Atom
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prohibition Ends in the U.S.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Attempted assassination of FDR
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Dust Bowl
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bonnie and Clyde Killed by Police
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Cheeseburger Created
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Germany Issues the Anti-Jewish Nuremberg Laws
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Alcoholics Anonymous Founded
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Social Security Enacted in U.S.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hoover Dam Completed
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Nazi Olympics in Berlin
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Spanish Civil War Begins
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Japan Invades China
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Hindenberg Disaster
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Amelia Earhart Vanishes
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hitler Annexes Austria
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Coelacanth rediscovered
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Night of Broken Glass (Kristallnacht)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">World War II Begins
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Signed
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">First Commercial Flight Over the Atlantic

Rosenberg, Jennifer. "1930s Timeline - History Timeline of the 1930s." //20th Century History//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2012. <http://history1900s.about.com/od/timelines/tp/1930timeline.htm>.
= =

= = <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 150%;">Global Events By Josh Pincus <span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'courier new',courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; text-align: center;">HEADLINES: __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">Adolf Hitler Rises To Chancellor! Worry Among Germany's Jews! __ __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">Chancellor Dollfuss of Austria Assassinated by Nazi's! __ __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">Hitler's War Machine Marches into Austria! __ __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">Germany Invades Poland! War Imminent! __

<span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'courier new',courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; text-align: center;">TOP STORIES: __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">Japan Invades China and Runs Rampant! League of Nations Uninterested! __ ** On July 7th, 1937, the Japanese army was running a drill near Lugouqiao, about ten miles west of Beijing. One of their soldiers disappeared, and the Japanese accused the Chinese of abduction. The Soldier soon turned up, but during his absence, the Japanese Commander had ordered his attack. The Japanese quickly took over China, against great public outcry. The League of Nations refused to mediate the undeclared war. China was forced to move its government to the remote town of Chongqing, and during that time, all hell broke loose. The Japanese soldiers ran amok, raping an estimated 7,000 women, killing hundreds of thousands of disarmed troops and civilians, and burning a third of the houses in Nanjing. The only one who would pay for this would be a lone Japanese general, who was executed in 1946 for the Nanjing atrocities. **

Main Ideas:

Took place July 7, 1937 Japanese army ran loose, raped 7000 women and burned lots of houses Started because Japanese were doing drills.

__<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; line-height: 48px;">The Hindenburg Crashes On Landing! "Oh the Humanity!media type="youtube" key="lFptgQ8GA_U" height="315" width="420" align="right" __ ** The Hindenburg Disaster. Thursday, May 6, 1937 **

** As the passenger airship LZ 1920 Hindenburg tried to dock with its mooring mast at the Lakehurst Naval Air Station, disaster struck. The great airship caught fire and crashed, killing 34 of the 97 people on board and one ground-man. The disaster was made even worse, with this being seen in newsreel footage, with the amazing commentary of Herbert Morrison summarising the disaster perfectly. This was described as the worst televised disaster ever and ended the airship era. We can all remember Herberts wise words “Oh the humanity!” But good sir, there is no humanity on this day. ** Main Ideas: __<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; vertical-align: baseline;">Mahatma Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Peacefully Protests British Rule! Violence on the British End! __  ** The British rule of India may be coming to an end, thanks to the revolutionary tactics of Mohandas Gandhi! Born on the 2nd of October, 1869, he has been a genius ever since. After attending university in London, he moved to Durban, South Africa to work in law. Gandhi was horrified by the treatment of Indian immigrants there, and started working to obtain rights for them. Influenced by Hinduism, Jainism and Christianity, Gandhi developed satyagraha, a new, non-violent way to protest and right wrongs. In 1914, South Africa gave in to many of Gandhi’s demands. Gandhi made an impact in India, transforming the Indian National Congress, with the British arresting thousands. Gandhi is currently dedicating his time to trying to improve Hindu-Muslim relationships. ** Main Ideas:

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 150%;">American Foreign Policy by Ryan Wood <span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'courier new',courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; text-align: center;">HEADLINES:

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'courier new',courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; text-align: left;">__America Stays Isolationists!__

===<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In the 1930's America tried to stay out of international conflict by turning to isolationism. World War One had ended recently, and America did not want another war to erupt. While America was trying to focus solely on fixing the poor economy, Germany and Japan were able to invade and take over land making their country more powerful. When America was focusing on the economy, Germany had gained control of Poland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia meanwhile Japan had taken Manchukuo. If America had tried to stop Germany and Japan sooner, the war could have ceased to spread. By the time it was clear to America that we had to fight, Germany and Japan had more power and territory in their control. Germany and Japan were not concerned about the American military because of our isolation policy which meant Germany and Japan had less to worry about. If more the axis powers had to fight more troops in the 1930's, the axis force could have been stopped earlier. ===

[[image:wfssocialstudies8-knud/31hh_header_sm.jpg]]

 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Despite Herbert Hoover’s attempts, he was not re elected in 1932. In the late 1920’s, the great depression began under Hoover’s presidential leadership, so Hoover was blamed for causing the great depression. In 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt used the great depression to his advantage while advertising himself. The one thing Hoover and FDR had in common was that both made fixing the economy their number one priority. Hoover became a critic of FDR’s “New Deal”, a plan to boost the economy. **

__<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">FDR Creates Good Neighbor Policy __



 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Franklin D. Roosevelt created the good neighbor policy to keep us out of armed conflict. FDR tried to focus on the crumbling economy, but other pressing issues are coming around. FDR believed focusing on the war shouldn’t be the first thing to do, so Franklin created the good neighbor policy. The policy called for neutral views on foreign conflicts as well as neutral legislation. The good neighbor policy did however plan to strengthen threatened countries. The good neighbor policy kept America out of war for a few years. However in the 1940’s we had to join the war. **

=

 * __<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">AL CAPONE IMPRISONED FOR TAX EVASION __**======

=

 * __<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">SCIENTISTS DISCOVER NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY __**======

=

 * __<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">AMERICA OFFICIALLY GETS NATIONAL ANTHEM __**======

Main Ideas:

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 20px; line-height: 29px;">American Domestic Policy by Jessica Saunders <span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'courier new',courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; text-align: center;">HEADLINES: __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; line-height: 39px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Hundred Days: Congress and the President try to come up with innovative ideas to end the Depression! __ __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; line-height: 39px; vertical-align: baseline;">End of Prohibition: One thing to be happy about. __ __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; line-height: 39px; vertical-align: baseline;">Scottsboro Trial: Another racial issue in the USA? __ __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; line-height: 39px; vertical-align: baseline;">Depression: One of the worst in ages. America tries to free itself from its grasp. __ <span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'courier new',courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; line-height: 39px; text-align: center;">TOP STORIES: __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; line-height: 39px;">FDR saves the nation with the New Deal: There's nothing to fear but fear itself! __

** With this slogan, and a little bit of inspiration, Franklin Delano Roosevelt easily won the 1932 election. After being elected, the new president almost immediately went into talks with Congress about plans to stop the Depression. These talks are known as the “Hundred Days” because of the amount of time they took. The programs that came from these talks have a familiar name to most, the New Deal. FDR had many interesting strategies. One of the first things he did was to help the banking crisis. He ordered all banks to close temporarily. This would allow time for banks to be inspected. Another innovative idea to help the crisis of the Depression were Roosevelt’s fireside chats. This would allow Roosevelt to talk through radio to millions of households nationwide about what he was doing to help. This allowed the country to know Roosevelt on a friendly level, leaving them more trusting and loyal to his plans and ideas. Over the next couple years, FDR was able to help the country with many other acts, including The Civil Works Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, and the Tennessee Valley Authority all gave people jobs. FDR wasn’t done yet, though. The Second New Deal came along in 1934 after FDR’s reelection. One of the most popular acts that came from this period was the Social Security Act. This act, passed in 1935, provided financial security for the elderly, disabled, children, and unemployed. **

Main Ideas: __<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; vertical-align: baseline;">Blame it on Hoover: Isn't it a president's job to help? __ ** Stock prices had been soaring in the “Roaring Twenties.” However, on Tuesday, October 29th, things changed. Many people wanted to sell stocks because it was losing money, yet few people wanted to buy, so the stock market collapsed. This was the tipping point of the Great Depression. Many people needed a scapegoat, so they turned to Herbert Hoover. After Black Tuesday, Hoover did barely anything to help. He believed that the economy would work itself back up on its own. Of course he was wrong. This led to many people criticising the once powerful president. Full pockets were now empty, turned inside out and called “Hoover flags.” In 1932, World War I veterans demanded their military bonus to be paid early, because many were out of work and very poor. They created what was known as a “Hooverville,” which was a group of shacks built by homeless families. Many people were very critical of Hoover, which led them looking for another president in the election of 1932. ** Main Ideas: __<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; vertical-align: baseline;">Dust Bowl rages in the Great Plains! __ **  With the Great Depression affecting most citizens of the United States, the last thing we needed was a low food supply. Yet it happened. During the 1930s, severe winds uprooted many crops in the Great Plains. Dust was strewn about, making it hard to breathe and forcing many schools to close. Most people moved out of this area. An article with entries in a diary from Ann Marie Low says: “ To find my way I had to ride right beside the fence, scarcely able to see from one fence post to the next.” (__Living in the Dust Bowl, 1934__). Some factors that affected this were the drought, certain farming practices that let dust be swept up easier, and high heat. The greatest storms hit in the spring of 1934. President Roosevelt tried to take action quickly. He started the Soil Conservation Service and the Department of Agriculture. These committees helped a lot. They planted a lot of trees to help try to break the storm, and they bought cattle to help the need for grazing. They also tried to get farmers to implement better crop-growing techniques that would hopefully stop as much dirt from getting into the air. The Dust Bowl affected much of America during the 30s. ** Main Ideas: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 20px; text-align: center;">Leisure by Quinn Kirkpatrick <span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; text-align: center;">HEADLINES: **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">Movies **__<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">Gone with the Wind film, based off the book written by Margaret Mitchell (1939) __ **<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">Sports **__<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">Williamsport, PA, where Little League Baseball began (1939) __**<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">Songs **__<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">In the Mood by Glen Miller, the number one song in the 1930s ____<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">Over the Rainbow, a hit song in the 1930s. __ **<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">Books **__<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, number four on the top books of the 1930s. __ __<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">Of Mice and Men was one of the top 10 books in the 1930s. __ <span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; text-align: center;">TOP STORIES: <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'courier new',courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; text-align: left;">Movies __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">The Wizard of Oz, based off "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" by Frank Baum (1939) __

** The Wizard of Oz was made in 1939 and was based off the children’s book “ The Wonderful Wizard of Oz” by Frank Baum. The film starred Judy Garland as Dorothy, Ray Bolger as the Scarecrow, Jack Haley as the Tin Man, and Bert Lahr as the Cowardly Lion. The film is about a farm girl from Kansas who is knocked unconscious by a window frame blown in by a twister. She wakes up in Munchkinland and is met by Glinda the Good witch of the North. Dorothy wants to get home and Glinda advises her to seek help from the mysterious Wizard of Oz who lives in the Emerald City. Glinda tells her to follow the yellow brick road. Along the way Dorothy meets the Scarecrow, the Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion. They all join her on the journey with hope that the Wizard will fulfill their desires too. Along the way they have to deal with the wicked witch of the west also. One of the most famous songs from the movie is “Over the Rainbow” which was sung by Dorothy(Judy Garland). ** media type="youtube" key="1HRa4X07jdE" height="315" width="420" Main Ideas: **<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; vertical-align: baseline;">Sports **__<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; vertical-align: baseline;">The Summer Olympics open in California. The next day American track and field athletes set 5 olympics records in one day! __  ** Because of the worldwide Great Depression, fewer than half the participants in the 1928 summer olympics returned for the 1932 olympics. Many nations and athletes were unable to pay for the trip to Los Angeles. Thirty seven countries participated in the games, and a total of 1332 athletes competed. Herbert Hoover did not attend the event, becoming the 2nd sitting head of government not to appear at the Olympics hosted in their country. The first U.S. president to not attend the games was Theodore Roosevelt in 1904 during the third olympics. He did not attend because the mayor of the hosting city, St. Louis, refused any help officiating the games. The country with the most gold medals during the olympics was the U.S with 41. Most of the events were held at the Los Angeles Olympic Memorial Stadium, then known as the Olympic Stadium. The Olympics also had an art competition, but it was discontinued in 1948. ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">The 1936 Summer Olympics were held in Berlin, Germany. To outdo the 1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, the Nazis built a new 100,000 seat track and field stadium and six gymnasiums. Hitler saw the Games as an opportunity to promote his government and ideals of racial supremacy and did not want Jews or Blacks to participate in the Games. But threatened a Boycott of the Games by other nations, Hitler gave in and let them participate. Main Ideas: **<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; vertical-align: baseline;">Songs **__<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; vertical-align: baseline;">God Bless America Revision by Irving Berlin. __ ** Irving was a Serbian immigrant who came to the U.S. when he was only five years old. He wrote the original “God Bless America” in 1918 for a show he put on at Camp Upton in Yaphank, Long Island. He decided that it didn’t keep with the more comedic elements of the show, so he put it aside. In 1938, as war was again threatening Europe, he decided to write a peace song and thought of “God Bless America.” He then made some alterations to it to reflect the different state of the world. Singer Kate Smith was the first person to play the song to the public on her radio show on Armistice Day, 1938. The sheet music for the song was in high demand, and Irving Berlin established the “God Bless America” fund. All of the money the fund made went to the Boy and Girl Scouts of America. **

=Cooperation Seen As Cure by Roosevelt=

//By Harry W. Frantz//

WASHINGTON, July 1, **1933** (UPI)--President Roosevelt, with the genius for political phrase-making that invented the "**new** **deal**," now heralds "the great cooperation" as the key to solution of the economic ills that beset the nation. The President's peculiar insight into the public mind is marked by his recognition of growing revolt against the extreme and destructive competition that has characterized some phases of economic life in recent years.

There is no group in America that can withstand the forces of an aroused public opinion, the President said in explaining his **new** industrial program. "This great cooperation can succeed only if those who bravely go forward to restore jobs have aggressive public support and those who lag are made to feel the full weight of public disapproval."

President Roosevelt's idea of political cooperation toward the economic welfare also found expression in a letter to Congress at the closing hour in which he remarked that there had been, on the broad average, "a more sincere and more whole-hearted cooperation between the legislative and the executive branches of the United States Government than has been witnessed by the American people in many a long year. This spirit of teamwork has in most cases transcended party lines. It has taken cognizance of a crisis in the affairs of our nation and of the whole world."

The political purport of these presidential utterances is that the White House looks on the one hand to a closer cooperation of the Federal Government with industry, and on the other hand to a more cooperative spirit between the Executive and Legislative branches of the government than has been manifest in recent years.

The president himself therefore belies any intention of "dictatorship" such as has been attributed to him by numerous political critics. Nevertheless, there is a general disposition on the part of political observers to comment the evident growth in executive power relative to congressional power. The last congress undoubtedly was more responsive to the will of the White House than any in the present century, not exceeding the wartime sessions.

The center of interest is whether a "planned national economy" such as has been legalized by recent enactments taken collectively, can be accomplished without impairment of the traditional and constitutional balance of power between the executive, legislative and judicial divisions of government.

Congress evidently believes that it can be accomplished, otherwise that body would have been far more reluctant to approve the wholesale delegation of power to the executive. The real political test of the "**new** **deal**," it is believed, will come at a later session of Congress when that body appraises the conformity of executive orders and regulations with the grants of authority which were made in the laws.

For example, Congress approved without a quaver the "economy act" which was generally known to involve a $400,000,000 cut in compensations and pension payments to war veterans. The regulations which were formulated by the Veterans' Administration and the Bureau of the Budget in pursuance of the original law, however, occasioned much dissatisfaction, and the consequence was that the debate on the regulations became more acute, and protracted than had occurred on the original law. In fact, this discussion delayed the adjournment of Congress for nearly a week and temporarily jeopardized the president's clear leadership.

The economic "**new** **deal**" now being put into effect in time may also reawaken interest in the fundamental historical theme of American politics--federal centralization versus states rights. The **new** program inevitably will centralize at Washington a vast range of governmental functions which may in time arouse the jealousy of local state or sectional interests. For the present, the mood of the country seems to favor a "strong" government in Washing-ton. But the history of the nation also shows the periodic recoil from extreme centralization.

Regardless of the widespread employment of revolutionary phraseology in reference to the "**new** **deal**" by the public and by journalists, the fundamental fact remains that the United States has not abandoned, or yet put to a decisive political test, the merits of the constitutional republican form of government. The proximity of such a test will depend upon the effects of the "**new** **deal**" in restoring a reasonable degree of prosperity and public confidence in this country.

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%; text-align: center;">Bibliography Quinn "1932 Summer Olympics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 18 May 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics#Medals_awarded>. "Best Movies of the 1930s - TopTenREVIEWS." //TopTenREVIEWS Movies Reviews - TopTenREVIEWS//. Movie Review, n.d. Web. 18 May 2012. <http://movies.toptenreviews.com/list_d1930.htm>.

Congress, Library of. "God Bless America (Memory): American Treasures of the Library of Congress."//Library of Congress Home//. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm019.html>.

Lake, the Shores of Silver. "Best Books of the Decade: 1930's (220 books)." //Share Book Recommendations With Your Friends, Join Book Clubs, Answer Trivia//. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2012. <http://www.goodreads.com/list/best_of_decade/1930?id=85.Best_Books_of_the_Decade_1930_s>.

"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia."//Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 18 May 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film)>.

"The 1930s Sports: Chronology." //UXL American Decades//. Ed. Julie L. Carnagie, et al. Vol. 4: 1930-1939. Detroit: UXL, 2003. 152-153. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 18 May 2012.

"1936 Summer Olympics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 21 May 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics>.

<span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Josh's Biblography. ** [] ** ** Website gave an amazing overview of the 1930’s **

** [] ** ** This website was about Gandhi. Very detailed and by the BBC. **

** [] ** ** All facts detailed and well prepared. **

====**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Ryan] **==== ====**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/franklindroosevelt__] **==== ====**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/herberthoover__] **====
 * Great Detail**

====**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://history1900s.about.com/od/timelines/tp/1930timeline.htm__] **====
 * Incredibly Detailed**
 * Helpful for finding headlines**

Frantz, Harry W. "Cooperation Seen As Cure by Roosevelt." //UPI's 20th Century Top Stories//. 01 Jul 1933: n.p. //SIRS Issues Researcher.// Web. 22 May 2012. Primary Source

Jessica:

**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">"Dust Bowl." Environmental Encyclopedia. Gale, 2011. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 15 May 2012. **

**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">"Living in the Dust Bowl, 1934." DISCovering U.S. History. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 15 May 2012. PRIMARY SOURCE **

**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">"Dust Bowl." U*X*L Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. Ed. Lawrence W. Baker and Sarah Hermsen. Vol. 2. Detroit: UXL, 2009. 466-468. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 15 May 2012. **

**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">(textbook) **

**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">(the 20th Century) **